Study of the Indoor Model Test and CEL Simulation of Jacking Force in the Vertical Tunnelling Method

<div>Influence of the standpipe outer diameter on jacking force. (a) Influence of the standpipe outer diameter on jacking force. (b) Relationship between the standpipe outer diameter and maximum jacking force.</div>

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Figure 9

Figure 9: Study of the Indoor Model Test and CEL Simulation of Jacking Force in the Vertical Tunnelling Method 