Differential Analysis and Prediction Optimization of Ground Surface Settlement Induced by Quasi-Rectangular Shield and Pipe Jacking Tunnelling

<div>3D map and plane map of settlement superposition when no retreat and 3 cm retreat of pipe section: (a) No retreat and retreat 3 cm settlement superimposed 3D map. (b) No retreat and retreat 3 cm settlement superposition plane map.</div>

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Figure 20

Figure 20: Differential Analysis and Prediction Optimization of Ground Surface Settlement Induced by Quasi-Rectangular Shield and Pipe Jacking Tunnelling 

Figure 20 | Differential Analysis and Prediction Optimization of Ground Surface Settlement Induced by Quasi-Rectangular Shield and Pipe Jacking Tunnelling 