Differential Analysis and Prediction Optimization of Ground Surface Settlement Induced by Quasi-Rectangular Shield and Pipe Jacking Tunnelling

<div>3D surface settlement during excavation by shield and pipe jacking in numerical simulation: (a) 3D surface settlement during shield excavation. (b) 3D surface settlement during pipe jacking excavation.</div>

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Figure 9

Figure 9: Differential Analysis and Prediction Optimization of Ground Surface Settlement Induced by Quasi-Rectangular Shield and Pipe Jacking Tunnelling 

Figure 9 | Differential Analysis and Prediction Optimization of Ground Surface Settlement Induced by Quasi-Rectangular Shield and Pipe Jacking Tunnelling 