Dynamic Risk Assessment of Karst Tunnel Collapse Based on Fuzzy-AHP: A Case Study of the LianHuaShan Tunnel, China

Table 11

Factor grading in YK3 + 012–YK2 + 982 sections.

Layer A	Layer B	Layer C	Factor grading
Engineering geology and hydrogeology; A1	Geology, topography, and geomorphology B11	Grade of surrounding rock C111	4
		Bias effect C112	1
	Unfavorable geology B12		1
	Karst caves B13	Scale of karst caves C131	5
		Location of karst caves C132	5
		Thickness of rock plate C133	3
	The impact of water B14	The development of groundwater C141	1
		Water seepage on the face C142	3
Tunnel design; A2	Tunnel span B21		5
	Tunnel depth B22		2
Construction and management; A3	Construction B31	Excavation method C311	2
		Advance support C312	2
		Grouting effect C313	2
		Blasting disturbance C314	2
	Management B32	Construction equipments C321	2
		Quality of constructors C322	2
		Management level C323	2
Dynamic monitoring and forecasting technology; A4	Advanced geological prediction B41		2
	Reliability of monitoring and measuring data B42		2
	Information feedback B43		2