Advances in Civil Engineering

Research Article

Impact of Uniaxial Mechanical Perturbation on Structural Properties and Smectite Porosity Features: Ion Exchanger Efficiency and Adsorption Performance Fate

Table 3

Optimal structural parameters taken from quantitative XRD analysis for all studied samples.


Sample	%MLS	xW_Exc.Cat	L.Th (Å)	n_H2O	W_A	P_AA	M	M_tot	%R_wp

SWy-Na	74.3	1W_Na	12.2	1.5	1	1	12	9	3.89
	25.7	0W_Na	12.2	0	1	1	5
SWy-Co unstressed	52.36	1W_Co	12.2	0.8	1	1	11	9	3.98
	33.84	1W_Na	12.2	0.4	0.7	0.59	7
		2W_Co	15.2	0.3	0.3
				0.3
	13.80	1W_Co	12.2	0.4	0.5	0.5	5
		2W_Co	15.2	0.3	0.5
				0.3
SWy-Cd unstressed	51.44	1W_Cd	12.2	0.9	1	1	12	14	4.13
	39.52	1W_Cd	12.2	0.15	0.7	0.71	6
		2W_Cd	15.2	0.15	0.3
				0.15
	9.04	1W_Na	10	1.5	1	1	6
SWy-Co stressed 3%rh	68.61	0W_Co	9.5	0	1	1	12	10	4.08
	31.39	0W_Co	9.5	0	0.7	0.72	5
		0W_Na	9.3	0	0.3
				0
SWy-Cd stressed 3%rh	65.21	1W_Cd	12.2	0.7	1	1	12	10	4.11
	31.52	1W_Cd	12.2	0.1	0.7	0.6	5
		1W_Na	12.3	0.1	0.3
				0.1
	3.27	0W_Cd	9.8	0	1	1	4
SWy-Co stressed 97%rh	70.20	3W_Co	18.1	1.5	1	1	8	7	5.76
	23.50	3W_Na	18.2	1.5	0.7	0.7	5
		4W_Co	21.1	2	0.3
				2
	6.30	2W_Na	15.2	1	1	1	4
SWy-Cd stressed 97%rh	70.47	3W_Cd	18.2	1.5	0.3	0.3	8	7	5.24
		4W_Cd	21.2	2.1	0.7
				2.1
	27.57	3W_Cd	18.2	1.5	0.7	0.7	5
		2W_Na	15.2	1.2	0.3
				1.2
	1.96	2W_Na	10	1	1	1	5

Note. xW_Exc.Cat: layer type and the associated exchangeable cation; L.Th: layer thickness in Å. 2 W, 1 W, and 0 W are attributed to the layer hydration state. n_H2O: the number of H₂O molecules per half unit cell. Z_H2O: position along c axis of H₂O molecule is fixed to 10.5 Å, 11.3 Å//13.6 Å, 11.3 Å//13.6 Å//16.6 Å, and 11.3 Å//13.6 Å//16.6 Å//19.3 Å, respectively, for 1 W, 2 W, 3 W, and 4 W hydration state. The position of exchangeable cations per half unit cell calculated along the c∗ axis is fixed to 8.6 Å, 10.50 Å, 12.4 Å, 14.7 Å, and 16.8 Å, respectively, for 0 W, 1 W, 2 W, 3 W, and 4 W hydration state [78]. −n_EXC.CAT: the number of exchangeable cations per half unit cell is fixed to 0.33 (for Na⁺ cation) and 0.165 for (Co²⁺ and Cd²⁺ cation), indicating full saturation of the cation exchange capacity (CEC).