Study on Progressive Failure of Hard Rock Tunnel After Excavation Under High Stress

Figure 4

Contrast between numerical simulation and rock experiments under different confining stresses: (a) confining stress 0 MPa, (b) confining stress 10 MPa, (c) confining stress 30 MPa, and (d) confining stress 70 MPa.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)