Physical Modeling of a Shallow-Buried Metro Tunnel in the Soft Loess Layer Using Similarity Theory

<div>Surrounding rock stress variation of different excavation methods under WSS grouting reinforcement forms (a and b represent the CRD-4 method and DSDM method, respectively). Stress variation of the (a) first excavation, (b) second excavation, and (c) third excavation on different sections.</div>

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Figure 9

Figure 9: Physical Modeling of a Shallow-Buried Metro Tunnel in the Soft Loess Layer Using Similarity Theory 