Physical Modeling of a Shallow-Buried Metro Tunnel in the Soft Loess Layer Using Similarity Theory

Table 2

Soil physical parameters.

Category	Bulk density	Poisson’s ratio	Cohesion	Friction angle	Elastic modulus
				φ (°)
Prototype	18.0	0.38	24.0	14.5	12.5
	20.0	0.33	31.7	17.2	40.3
Model	17.3	0.37	1.55	14.2	0.9
	19.8	0.31	2.10	16.8	3.0