Discrete Element Simulation and Monitoring Analysis of Different Construction Methods of the Shallow Buried Bias Tunnel

Figure 11

Deformation of surrounding rock with different construction methods: (a) vault subsidence of right tunnel; (b) left side wall subsidence of left tunnel; (c) left side wall subsidence of right tunnel; (d) right side wall subsidence of right tunnel.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)