Discrete Element Simulation and Monitoring Analysis of Different Construction Methods of the Shallow Buried Bias Tunnel

<div>Distribution of contact forces for final excavation stage of the single side heading method: (a) work condition 3: the single side heading method without systematic bolt; (b) work condition 4: the single side heading method with systematic bolt.</div>

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Figure 7

Figure 7: Discrete Element Simulation and Monitoring Analysis of Different Construction Methods of the Shallow Buried Bias Tunnel 