Discrete Element Simulation and Monitoring Analysis of Different Construction Methods of the Shallow Buried Bias Tunnel

Table 1

Scheme of numerical simulation for different excavations and reinforcements.

Work condition	Excavation method	Support method
1	Three-step method	Initial support (without systematic bolt)
2	Three-step method	Initial support (with systematic bolt)
3	Single side heading method	Initial support (without systematic bolt)
4	Single side heading method	Initial support (with systematic bolt)