Research Article

Analysis of Horizontal Dynamic Response of a Single Pile in Layered Foundations Based on the Timoshenko–Pasternak Model

Figure 7

Effects of the soil shear effect and topsoil elastic modulus ratio change on the pile top complex impedance. (a) Horizontal dimensionless dynamic stiffness. (b) Horizontal dimensionless dynamic damping. (c) Sway dimensionless dynamic stiffness. (d) Sway dimensionless dynamic damping.
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