Numerical Analysis of the Mechanical Responses and Transition Section Design of Pavement Structures in the Entrance and Exit Sections of Highway Tunnel

Table 1

Distress investigation results of Yangkou tunnel.

Detection lane	Stake number	International roughness index (IRI) (m/km)
		2008	2009	2011	2012	2013
Left (up)	K62 + 000	1.51	1.63	0.99	1.02	1.13
	K61 + 000	1.43	0.99	0.66	0.87	1.03
	K60 + 000	1.59	1.48	0.63	0.96	1.25
	K59 + 000	1.67	1.16	0.57	0.97	1.16
	K58 + 000	2.00	1.27	0.84	1.28	1.48
Right (down)	K57 + 000	2.06	1.74	1.38	1.36	1.42
	K58 + 000	1.79	1.40	0.68	1.03	1.14
	K59 + 000	1.60	1.45	0.85	1.23	1.03
	K60 + 000	1.42	1.21	0.62	0.89	1.14
	K61 + 000	1.39	1.37	0.74	0.90	1.19
Detection lane	Stake number	Rutting depth (mm)
		2008	2009	2011	2012	2013
Left (up)	K62 + 000	5.0	6.0	4.0	9.0	12.0
	K61 + 000	4.0	7.0	4.0	12.0	11.0
	K60 + 000	5.0	7.0	3.0	13.0	11.0
	K59 + 000	5.0	7.0	4.0	12.0	11.0
	K58 + 000	6.0	6.0	3.0	10.0	11.0
Right (down)	K57 + 000	7.0	5.0	3.0	12.0	15.0
	K58 + 000	5.0	4.0	4.0	10.0	13.0
	K59 + 000	4.0	5.0	3.0	8.0	14.0
	K60 + 000	5.0	5.0	4.0	7.0	14.0
	K61 + 000	5.0	5.0	4.0	11.0	13.0
Detection lane	Stake number	Friction coefficient
		2008	2009	2011	2012	2013
Left (up)	K62 + 000	69.2	72.0	50.0	62.5	48.6
	K61 + 000	69.6	70.7	53.9	59.7	40.9
	K60 + 000	67.0	65.8	55.5	57.3	44.1
	K59 + 000	59.8	86.9	58.3	57.6	44.1
	K58 + 000	54.6	67.1	53.7	56.6	47.4
Right (down)	K57 + 000	65.6	33.4	74.4	63.6	42.9
	K58 + 000	60.8	33.3	65.2	63.4	47.6
	K59 + 000	61.5	35.6	73.4	61.7	49.4
	K60 + 000	60.8	38.6	77.9	59.7	47.2
	K61 + 000	58.9	34.9	79.7	59.3	42.1