Numerical Simulation Study on Construction Effect of Top-Down Construction Method of Suspended Diaphragm Wall for Deep and Large Foundation Pit in Complex Stratum

Figure 9

The contour plot of surface settlement under five excavation step conditions. (a) The first excavation step, (b) the third excavation step, (c) the fifth excavation step, (d) the seventh excavation step, and (e) the tenth excavation step.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)