Measured Analysis on Surface Deformation and Influence of Cutter Torque for Twin Shield Tunnelling in Silty Sand

Table 1

Parameters of soils.

Soil properties	W (%)	γ (kN/m^3)	e	ES (MPa^−1)	ρ (g/cm^3)	K0	ɸcq (°)	V
③ 3 Sandy silt with silt	26.0	19.5	0.742	0.100	1.95	0.40	28.0	0.29
③ 31 Silt	25.4	19.6	0.716	0.083	1.96	0.34	30.0	0.29
③ 5 Sandy silt	25.3	19.7	0.706	0.100	1.97	0.37	29.0	0.29
③ 6 Silt	25.3	19.5	0.721	0.086	1.95	0.32	31.0	0.26
⑤ 33 Silt	23.5	19.7	0.687	0.096	1.96	0.32	31.5	0.26