The Effect of Fines and Temperature on the Mode I Fracture Characteristics of the Frozen Sand

Figure 12

K_Ic test results of the frozen sand with 0, 5, 10, and 15% fine contents vary with temperature: (a) fine contents 0%, (b) fine contents 5%, (c) fine contents 10%, and (d) fine contents 15%.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)