Research Article
Field-Scale Experimental Study on Thermomechanical Behaviors of Super-Long and Large-Diameter Energy Piles under Liquefied Natural Gas Tank
Table 1
Comparison of heat transfer performances for different types of energy piles.
| | Reference | Tube configuration | Pile type (diameter/length; m) | Ground condition | Groundwater condition | Testing conditions (temperature/flow rate) | Performance (W/m) | | Radius (inner/outer; mm) | Shape |
| | Gao et al. [31] | 20/− | 1U/2U/3U/W | Concrete (0.6/25) | Sandy silt | N.A. | Constant inlet temperature (35°C/0.342 m3/hr) | 58/89/108/83 | | Jalaluddin et al. [32] | (40/48)/(26/33)/(20/25) | 1U/2U/multi-U | Steel (0.1398/20) | Clay/sand and sandy clay | N.A. | Constant inlet temperature (27°C/4 L/min) | 30.4/49.6/34.8 | | Zarrella et al. [33] | 16/20 | 3U/coil (75/150/350 mm pitch) | Concrete (0.5/12) | N.A. | N.A. | Constant inlet temperature (−/0.09 kg/s) (simulated) | 107/123/120/113 | | Yoon et al. [34] | 16/20 | W/coil (50 mm pitch) | PHC ((0.4/13.27)/(0.4/12.8)) | Weathered granite soil/stiff weathered rock | 4.5 m below pile top without groundwater flow | Constant inlet temperature (30°C/−) | 95/120 | | Park et al. [35] | 21/27 | Coil (200/500 mm pitch) | Concrete ((1.5/14)/(1.5/12.5)) | Silty sand with gravel/weathered rock/gneiss | N.A. | Constant inlet temperature ((−/20.33 L/min)/(−/29.17 L/min)) (intermittent) | 285/248 | | This work | 26/32 | 3U | Concrete (1.2/53) | Clayey soil/silty to gravelly sand/weathered sandstone | 3.2–4.4 m below ground surface with groundwater flow | Constant inlet temperature ((38°C/1.8 m3/hr)/(7°C/1.8 m3/hr)) | 178 (heating)/91 (cooling) |
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