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| Authors | Date of publication | Definition of resilience |
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| Holling [22] | 1973 | Resilience refers to the ability of a system to absorb, change, and perturb and to maintain a balanced state of the system |
| Wildavsky [23] | 1988 | Resilience refers to the ability to cope with disasters after a disaster and has the characteristics of adaptation and recovery |
| Mileti [24] | 1999 | Resilience refers to the ability of an area to undergo extreme natural events without catastrophic loss, damage, reduced productivity, and normal life and does not require a lot of outside assistance |
| Comfort [25] | 1999 | Resilience refers to the ability and action of existing resources and capacities to adapt to new situations |
| Adger [26] | 2000 | Resilience refers to the resilience of public infrastructure to disaster shocks |
| Klein et al. [16] | 2003 | Resilience is the ability to withstand the stresses of the environment |
| Bruneau et al. [27] | 2003 | Resilience refers to the ability of a society to mitigate the impact on the city and to cope with the impact of future disasters with the least impact on society |
| Walker et al. [28] | 2004 | Resilience consists of four components: range, resistance, instability, and chaos. Toughness refers to the ability of a system to absorb interference and keep its key functions, structures, and characteristics functional |
| Walker and Slat [29] | 2006 | Resilience was originally defined as the ability of a system to respond to external disturbances in the case of maintaining its basic state |
| Allenby and Fink [30] | 2005 | Resilience refers to the ability of a system to maintain its functional and structural stability in the face of internal and external changes, and only when the function and structure are slowly declining |
| US Department of Homeland Security [31] | 2006 | Resilience refers to the ability of the system to efficiently reduce the degree of damage to the system by disasters at a set target functional level in the event of an emergency |
| Wamsler [32] | 2007 | Resilience refers to the ability of urban systems to survive, adapt, and develop in the face of sudden disasters |
| UNISDR [33] | 2009 | Resilience refers to the exposure of a system, community, or society to a hazard, the ability to resist, absorb, adapt to disasters, and effectively reduce below the target |
| United Nations [34] | 2009 | Resilience is defined as the ability of systems, communities, or societies exposed to hazards, to resist, absorb, withstand, and recover from the impacts of disasters in a timely and effective manner, including the protection and restoration of essential infrastructure works and their functions |
| Cohen et al. [35] | 2013 | Resilience is defined as the ability of a society to function properly in times of crisis |
| Resilience Alliance [36] | 2022 | Resilience is the ability of socio-ecological systems to absorb disturbances and pressures from maintaining the original characteristics, especially their original structure and function |
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