Effects of Waste Cooking Oil on the Antiageing Ability of Bitumen

Table 5

Elastic, viscous, and viscoelastic strains for the PG 64-10 binder.

Binder	Time, seconds	0.10	0.20	0.30	0.40	0.50	0.60	0.70	0.80	0.90	1.00
Unaged PG 64-10	(εe), %	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28
	(), %	1.96	3.92	5.88	7.84	9.80	11.76	13.73	15.69	17.65	19.61
	(εd), %	1.15	2.01	2.66	3.14	3.50	3.77	3.97	4.12	4.24	4.32
Aged PG 64-10	(εe), %	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40
	(), %	1.47	2.95	4.42	5.90	7.37	8.85	10.32	11.80	13.27	14.75
	(εd), %	0.28	0.53	0.75	0.94	1.12	1.27	1.41	1.54	1.64	1.74
Aged PG 64-10 + 3% WCO	(εe), %	0.86	0.86	0.86	0.86	0.86	0.86	0.86	0.86	0.86	0.86
	(), %	2.33	4.66	6.99	9.32	11.66	13.99	16.32	18.65	20.98	23.31
	(εd), %	0.46	0.92	1.38	1.84	2.29	2.75	3.21	3.67	4.12	4.58
Aged PG 64-10 + 5% WCO	(εe), %	0.52	0.52	0.52	0.52	0.52	0.52	0.52	0.52	0.52	0.52
	(), %	7.09	14.18	21.28	28.37	35.46	42.55	49.65	56.74	63.83	70.92
	(εd), %	0.22	0.43	0.61	0.79	0.95	1.08	1.22	1.34	1.45	1.54