Extrapolation-Based Scale Effect Model for Granular Heap Modulus

<table class="table-group" id="tab8"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="5"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_center">Material</td><td class="align_center"><i>α</i></td><td class="align_center"><i>β</i></td><td class="align_center"><i>b</i></td><td class="align_center"><span style="width: 5.94546ptpx;"><svg height="12.2089pt" id="M133" style="vertical-align:-2.503pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.7059 5.94546 12.2089" width="5.94546pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M425 682C425 693 422 699 407 699C369 699 308 677 260 646C213 651 191 674 191 701C191 715 195 726 200 734L183 740C153 730 118 709 118 681C118 644 163 619 218 615C168 582 115 534 115 463C115 418 147 382 180 369C102 329 23 261 23 163C23 74 74 38 158 14C183 7 201 2 221 -2C279 -15 290 -33 290 -58C290 -94 251 -145 230 -169L252 -189C280 -171 367 -103 367 -25C367 20 333 51 266 68C245 73 218 80 191 89C139 106 107 135 107 192C107 261 161 329 221 355C248 350 281 347 314 347C330 347 370 388 370 406C370 418 366 422 352 422C321 422 280 413 255 407C218 413 192 448 192 493C192 544 229 588 266 610C309 610 354 615 376 623C397 631 425 651 425 682Z"></path></g></svg></span></td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="5"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">PTFE</td><td class="align_center">6.8</td><td class="align_center">0.1</td><td class="align_center">24</td><td class="align_center">6</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="5"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Table 8

Table 8: Extrapolation-Based Scale Effect Model for Granular Heap Modulus 