Use of Silica Fume, Bentonite, and Waste Tire Rubber as Impermeable Layer Construction Materials

Table 1

The chemical compositions of bentonite and silica fume.

Constituent (%)	Silica fume	Bentonite
SiO2	85–95	61.28–69.48
Fe2O3	0.5–1.0	3.01–10.11
Al2O3	1–3	13.18–17.79
CaO	0.8–1.2	4.54
MgO	1–2	2.10
Na2O	0.1–0.3	2.70
K2O	1.0–1.2	1.24
SO3	—	0.33
P2O5	—	<0.05
S	0.1–0.3	—
C	0.5–1.0	—
Heat loss	0.5–1.0	—
TiO2	—	1.11
Loss on ignition	—	1.10