Backcalculation of Finite-Element Modeling Based on Field Measurements Results of Excavation in Steel Sheet Pile Walls

Table 3

Soft soil properties of the model.

Parameter	Symbol	Sand	Clayed sand	Clayed slightly	Peat	Clay	Sand fill	Unit
Material model	Model	Mohr–Coulomb	Mohr–Coulomb	Mohr–Coulomb	Mohr–Coulomb	Mohr–Coulomb	Mohr–Coulomb	–
Type of behavior	Type	Drained	Drained	Drained	Drained	Drained	Drained	–
Unit weight	γ’	10	6.34	3.9	2.3	6.75	17	kN/m^3
Permeability × 10^−9	kv	0.3	0.3	0.3	1.0	0.6	10,000	m/s
Young’s modulus	Eref	26 × 10^3	7.32 × 10^3	2.92 × 10^3	2.34 × 10^3	5.33 × 10^3	17.3 × 10^3	kN/m^2
Poisson’s ratio	ν	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	–
Cohesion	c’	11.5	15.05	8.7	14.9	17.2	5.0	kN/m^2
Friction angle	ϕ’	38.3	16.83	16.7	18.37	18.15	35.0	Degree
Dilatancy angle	ψ	0	0	0	0	0	0	Degree