Numerical and Preliminary In Situ Investigation on Roadway Excavation Using Static Expansion Mechanical Fracturing

Table 1

Mechanical properties of numerical model.

Parameter	Zone	Block	Bond contact
Elastic modulus	65 GPa	—	65 GPa
Poisson	0.26	—	—
Density	2,990 kg (m)^3	2,990 kg (m)^3	—
Friction coefficient	—	—	0.5
Normal-to-shear stiffness ratio	—	—	2.0
Friction angle	—	—	47°
Cohesion	—	—	20 MPa
Tensile strength	—	—	5 MPa