Experimental Investigation of Ductility in GFRP RC Beams by Confining the Compression Zone

Table 8

Specimen energy dissipation parameters.

Group	Specimen	Elastic energy^a; (kN.mm)	Plastic energy^b; (kN.mm)	Total energy^c; (kN.mm)
Group 1	RB	1,606.4	910.4	2,516.8
Group 2	DVR-W30	1,893.5; (+%17.9)^d	1,029.1; (+%13)	2,922.7; (+%16.12)
	DVR-W50	1,700.4; (+%5.8)	3,199.9; (+%251)	4,900.3; (+%94.7)
Group 3	DSR-A10-W30	1,838.2; (+%14.4)	3,078.9; (+%238)	4,917.1; (+%95.37)
	DSR-A20-W30	1,743; (+%8.5)	1,163.8; (+%27.8)	2,906.8; (+%15.5)
	DSR-A30-W30	1,529.7; (−%4.8)	1,144.1; (+%25.7)	2,673.8; (+%6.24)
Group 4	CSR-SR-W20	1,490.2; (−%7.2)	1,425.5; (+%56.6)	2,915.7; (+%15.85)
	CSR-SC-W20	1,529.1; (−%4.8)	2,138; (+%135)	3,667.2; (+%45.71)

^aArea under the elastic zone of the load-deflection curve, ^barea under the plastic zone of the load-deflection curve up to 80% of the maximum load in the second branch, ^csum of elastic and plastic energy, ^dpercentages of changes compared to the reference beam.