Experimental Investigation of Ductility in GFRP RC Beams by Confining the Compression Zone

Table 9

Specimens energy dissipation parameters up to the failure point.

Group	Specimen	Elastic energy^a; (kN.mm)	Plastic energy^b; (kN.mm)	Total energy^c; (kN.mm)
Group 1	RB	1,606.4	989.7	2,596.1
Group 2	DVR-W30	1,893.5; (+%17.9)^d	1,191.4; (+%20.4)	3,084.9; (+%18.8)
	DVR-W50	1,700.4; (+%5.8)	3,642.9; (+%268)	5,343.3; (+%105.8)
Group 3	DSR-A10-W30	1,838.2; (+%14.4)	3,608.5; (+%265)	5,446.7; (+%109.8)
	DSR-A20-W30	1,743; (+%8.5)	2,433.9; (+%146)	4,177; (+%60.9)
	DSR-A30-W30	1,529.7; (−%4.8)	2,096.9; (+%39.7)	3,626.6; (+%39.7)
Group 4	CSR-SR-W20	1,490.2; (−%7.2)	2,378.4; (+%140)	3,868.6; (+%49)
	CSR-SC-W20	1,529.1; (-%4.8)	2,596.75; (+%159)	4,091.9; (+%57.6)

^aArea under the elastic zone of load-deflection curve, ^barea under the plastic zone of load-deflection curve up to the failure point, ^csum of elastic and plastic energy, ^dpercentages of changes compared to the reference beam.