Research Article
Performance of Diaphragm Walls during Ultra-Deep Excavations in Karst Areas: Field Monitoring Analysis
Table 1
Soil properties of clay and sand in the excavation site.
| Soils | Density (g/cm3) | Water content (%) | Void ratio | Cohesion (kPa) | Friction angle (°) | Coefficient of compressibility (MPa−1) | Modulus of compressibility (MPa) | Deformation modulus (MPa) |
| Fill | 1.90 | 28.80 | 0.810 | 19.40 | 6.80 | 0.40 | 4.50 | 10.0 | Muddy clay | 1.57 | 67.20 | 1.860 | 6.21 | 2.97 | 1.63 | 1.97 | 3.0 | Silty clay | 1.88 | 28.94 | 0.840 | 21.58 | 9.44 | 0.44 | 4.51 | 10.0 | Sand | 1.90 | — | 0.700 | 0 | 30.00 | — | 9.50 | 12.0 |
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