Influence of Biomass-Modified Asphalt Binder on Rutting Resistance

Table 1

Chemical composition of conventional fillers and biomass ashes.

Filler	Chemical components (%)
	SiO2	Al2O3	Fe2O3	CaO	MgO	Na2O	K2O	SO3	P2O5
Cement	20–23	4–6	2–4	65–68	49–51	0.1–0.5	0.1–1	0.1–2	—
Limestone powder	9.36	0.34	—	46.90	11.24	0.08	0.1	—	—
Wood ash	28.11	5.14	2.91	29.53	5.14	0.32	9.64	0.97	2.48
Rice husk ash	87.8	0.12	—	1.04	0.81	1.15	2.61	—	—
Bagasse ash	89.89	1.84	2.71	2.75	0.72	0.27	0.35	0.15	—
Groundnut shell ash	19.7	6.3	3.9	32.9	10	—	6.7	3.1	3.3
Oil palm fruit ash	43.6	11.4	4.7	8.4	4.8	0.39	—	2.8	—
Date seed ash	58.65	4.92	—	4.84	3.47	7.25	0.46	—	—