Reasonable Treatment Range of Karst Cave Encountered by Super-Large Diameter Shield Tunnel in Strongly Karst-Developed Area

Table 6

Physical and mechanical parameters of cave filling.

Cave filling	Internal friction angle (degree)	Cohesion (kPa)	Liquidity index	Plasticity index
Flow-soft plastic clay	4.0	7.0	1.41	27.1
Plastic clay	11.0	43.0	0.45	25.7
Hard plastic clay	16.5	59.0	0.07	23.4