Strain-Dependence of the Structure and Ferroic Properties of Epitaxial NiTiO₃ Thin Films Grown on Different Substrates

Figure 4

(Color online) Field-dependent magnetization curves correlated with the schematic strain diagram showing the % amount of mismatch exhibited by the three substrates Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, and LiNbO₃, in the in-plane direction: magnetization curves for epitaxial NiTiO₃/Al₂O₃ film at 10 K, below the Néel temperature indicating residual magnetization, for epitaxial NiTiO₃/Fe₂O₃ film at 50 K showing no ferromagnetism, and for epitaxial NiTiO₃/LiNbO₃ film at 90 K showing ferromagnetism.