Effect of Shogaol on the Expression of Intestinal Stem Cell Markers in Experimentally Induced Colitis in BALB/c Mice

Figure 3

Microscopic view and total histological index score of the colon. (a) Normal colon appearance (sum score 0) in the control negative group. (b) Marked transmural infiltration of inflammatory cells, extensive epithelial erosion (black head arrows), focal ulceration (red head arrows), and marked epithelial hyperplasia + crypt loss (sum score 10) in the control positive group (DSS exposure without treatment). (c) Moderate inflammation in mucosa and submucosa, focal epithelial erosion (black head arrows), mild epithelial hyperplasia, and mild goblet cell loss (sum score 5) in group 3 (DSS exposure & 6-TG treatment). (d) Moderate-marked infiltration of inflammatory cells in the mucosa and submucosa, focal epithelial erosion (black head arrows), moderate epithelial hyperplasia, and moderate goblet cell loss (sum score 7) in group 4 (DSS exposure & 10 mg/kg b.w. Shogaol treatment). (e) Moderate infiltration of inflammatory cells in the mucosa and submucosa, focal epithelial erosion (black head arrow), mild epithelial hyperplasia, and mild goblet cell loss (sum score 5) in group 5 (DSS exposure & 20 mg/kg b.w. Shogaol treatment). (f) Mild infiltration of inflammatory cells in the mucosa and intact epithelium and no hyperplasia with no goblet cell loss (sum score 1) in group 6 (DSS exposure & 40 mg/kg b.w. Shogaol treatment). H&E stain. The black dashed line indicates the extent of inflammatory cells infiltration, and the yellow rectangle shows epithelial hyperplasia. Scale bar: 100 μm.

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