Influence of Tillage and Daily Manure Application on the Survival of Bacterial Pathogens Indicators in Soil and on Radish

Table 1

Escherichia coli and Enterococcus sp. mean numbers in the 0–5 cm of soil after application of inorganic fertilizer (control) and solid dairy manure and chisel or disc tillage.

Dairy waste	Tillage	Day 1		Day 7		Day 28		Day 54		Day 84
		E. coli	Enterococcus	E. coli	Enterococcus	E. coli	Enterococcus	E. coli	Enterococcus	E. coli	Enterococcus
		colony forming units/g^-1 dry weight of soil
Control	Chisel	0 d w	73 c	0 d w	1 e w	0 d w	0 d w	0 d w	2 d	0 b w	55 d
Control	Roller	0 d w	2 d w	1 d w	5 e w	0 d w	0 d w	0 d w	1 d w	0 b w	52 d w
Low	Chisel	122 b x	82 c x	711 a w	550 c w	12 b y	78 b x	72 b x	217 b wx	0 b z	401 b w
Low	Roller	2284 a w	255 b y	724 a x	862 b y	2 c z	40 b y	2 c z	73 c y	0 b z	103 c y
High	Chisel	153 b y	320 a y	113 b w	4133 a x	35 a y	7732 a w	4 c z	56 c y	0 b z	73 d y
High	Roller	2 c z	224 b y	32 c y	136 d y	8 b z	10 c z	223 a y	1398 a x	12 a z	3573 a w

(a) In each column, values followed by the same letter (a,b, c, d, or e) are not significantly different as determined by the least square means test (𝑃≤.05; 𝑛=18). (b) In each row, within each Escherichia coli and Enterococcus sp. population, values followed by the same letter (w, x, y, or z) are not significantly different as determined by the least square means test. (𝑃≤.05; 𝑛=18). (c) Escherichia coli and Enterococcus sp. populations were transformed using logarithms to achieve normal distributions; Escherichia coli and Enterococcus sp. populations are reported in untransformed numbers.