Effects of Puddling Types and Rice Establishment Methods on Soil Characteristics and Productivity of Rice in Southern China

<div>Puddling types and rice establishment methods on soil (two years average): (a) soil pH and (b) soil organic carbon. PD: moldboard plowing with direct seeding, RD: rotary tiller with direct seeding, PT: moldboard plowing with mechanical transplanting, and RT: rotary tiller with mechanical transplanting. Different letters within a column represent significant differences at the 5% level of DMRT (1H: 1st harvest and 2H: 2nd harvest).</div>

Applied and Environmental Soil Science

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Figure 3

Figure 3: Effects of Puddling Types and Rice Establishment Methods on Soil Characteristics and Productivity of Rice in Southern China 