Effects of Puddling Types and Rice Establishment Methods on Soil Characteristics and Productivity of Rice in Southern China

Table 1

Basic soil properties at 0–30 cm soil depth before the experiment.

Soil physical properties
Climate	Sand (%)	Silt (%)	Clay (%)	Soil texture		Bulk density (g·cm^−3)
Subtropical monsoon	65	27	8	Sandy-loam		1.60
Soil chemical properties
pH	SOC (g·kg^−1)	Av. N (mg·kg^−1)	Av. P (mg·kg^−1)	Av. K (mg·kg^−1)	T N (g·kg^−1)	T P (g·kg^−1)	T K (g·kg^−1)
5.65	10.04	39.52	13.32	31.19	0.50	0.26	15.10
Soil biological properties
Bacteria (×10 cfu·g^−1 dry soil)	Fungi (×103 cfu·g^−1 dry soil)	Actinomycetes (×104 cfu·g^−1 dry soil)	Catalase [0.1NKMnO4 (mL·g^−1)]	Phosphatase [P2O5 (mg·kg^−1)]		Urease [NH4^+-N (mg·kg^−1)]
2.21	1.21	2.80	1.61	69.03		47.50

SOC: soil organic carbon, Av. N: available nitrogen, Av. P: available phosphorus, Av. K: available potassium, T N: total nitrogen, T P: total phosphorus, and T K: total potassium.