Effects of Puddling Types and Rice Establishment Methods on Soil Characteristics and Productivity of Rice in Southern China
Table 2
Available NPK condition as affected by puddling types and rice establishment methods (two years average).
Soil depth
Treatments
Available nitrogen (mg·kg−1)
Available phosphorus (mg·kg−1)
Available potassium (mg·kg−1)
1H
2H
1H
2H
1H
2H
0–10 cm
PD
54.38a
69.33a
14.34a
15.78a
45.19a
55.46a
RD
51.69b
66.36b
14.02b
15.39b
42.97b
52.34b
PT
50.41c
62.93c
13.77b
14.80c
39.89c
49.24c
RT
49.87d
61.48c
13.45b
14.26d
38.47c
48.34c
10–20 cm
PD
46.38a
75.57a
13.98a
13.97a
42.28a
51.85a
RD
44.41b
49.32b
12.76b
13.66ab
39.24b
48.46b
PT
41.75c
48.19b
12.46b
12.77c
37.73bc
44.19c
RT
39.57d
44.66c
12.42b
11.00d
34.98c
41.83 cd
20–30 cm
PD
35.52a
47.31a
12.22a
12.39a
35.81a
47.74a
RD
31.65b
40.59b
10.41b
11.26b
34.20b
44.28b
PT
30.86c
38.30b
8.13c
10.63c
30.56c
42.77b
RT
30.16d
36.61b
7.71d
9.30d
30.07 cd
38.97c
PD: moldboard plowing with direct seeding, RD: rotary tiller with direct seeding, PT: moldboard plowing with mechanical transplanting, and RT: rotary tiller with mechanical transplanting. Different letters within a column represent significant differences at the 5% level of DMRT (1H: 1st harvest and 2H: 2nd harvest).
