Effects of Puddling Types and Rice Establishment Methods on Soil Characteristics and Productivity of Rice in Southern China
Table 3
Total NPK condition as affected by puddling types and rice establishment methods (two years average).
Soil depth
Treatments
Total nitrogen (g·kg−1)
Total phosphorus (g·kg−1)
Total potassium (g·kg−1)
1H
2H
1H
2H
1H
2H
0–10 cm
PD
0.67a
0.92a
0.33a
0.39a
16.38a
17.31a
RD
0.64b
0.89a
0.32a
0.35b
15.95b
16.14b
PT
0.64b
0.84b
0.31a
0.34b
15.75b
16.05b
RT
0.64b
0.84b
0.29a
0.30c
15.37c
15.60c
10–20 cm
PD
0.63a
0.71a
0.29a
0.33a
15.32a
15.87a
RD
0.61a
0.70a
0.28a
0.30b
15.06b
15.31b
PT
0.60a
0.58b
0.28a
0.30b
15.00b
14.78c
RT
0.56b
0.55b
0.25b
0.27c
14.84c
13.99d
20–30 cm
PD
0.54a
0.58a
0.27a
0.29a
13.86a
15.66a
RD
0.48b
0.56a
0.26a
0.28a
13.74a
13.94b
PT
0.47b
0.54a
0.24b
0.26a
13.35b
13.63c
RT
0.46b
0.52b
0.23b
0.26a
13.30b
13.06d
PD: moldboard plowing with direct seeding, RD: rotary tiller with direct seeding, PT: moldboard plowing with mechanical transplanting, and RT: rotary tiller with mechanical transplanting. Different letters within a column represent significant differences at the 5% level of DMRT (1H: 1st harvest and 2H: 2nd harvest).
