Effects of Puddling Types and Rice Establishment Methods on Soil Characteristics and Productivity of Rice in Southern China

Table 4

Culturable bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes condition as affected by puddling types and rice establishment methods (two years average).

Soil depth	Treatments	Bacteria (×10^5 cfu·g^−1 dry soil)		Fungi (×10^3 cfu·g^−1 dry soil)		Actinomycetes (×10^4 cfu·g^−1 dry soil)
		1H	2H	1H	2H	1H	2H
0–10 cm	PD	2.64a	2.77a	0.99a	1.14a	2.69a	2.81a
	RD	2.44b	2.59b	0.92a	0.99b	2.42b	2.54a
	PT	2.38b	2.50b	0.89a	0.93b	2.29c	2.37b
	RT	1.53c	1.35c	0.83a	0.78c	2.20c	2.30b
10–20 cm	PD	3.40a	3.79a	1.38a	1.47a	3.29a	3.45a
	RD	3.20b	3.47b	1.27b	1.37a	3.20a	3.34a
	PT	2.87b	2.95c	1.20b	1.27b	3.17b	3.32a
	RT	2.62b	2.61c	1.10c	1.23b	3.10b	3.24b
20–30 cm	PD	1.62a	1.77a	2.60a	2.69a	3.60a	3.71a
	RD	1.57b	1.65a	2.21b	2.31b	3.36b	3.48a
	PT	1.42c	1.41b	2.18b	2.21b	3.20b	3.42b
	RT	1.35d	1.33c	2.07b	2.19b	3.18b	3.34b

PD: moldboard plowing with direct seeding, RD: rotary tiller with direct seeding, PT: moldboard plowing with mechanical transplanting, and RT: rotary tiller with mechanical transplanting. Different letters within a column represent significant differences at the 5% level of DMRT (1H: 1st harvest and 2H: 2nd harvest).