Remediation of Soils Contaminated by Fluoride Using a Fermentation Product of Seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii)

Figure 3

The impact of fermented seaweed (FSW) amendment on fluoride fractions of the soil (a) water soluble-fluoride (Ws-F), (b) exchangeable-fluoride (Ex-F), and (c) fluoride-bound to iron/manganese (Fe/Mn-F).

(a)

(b)

(c)