Sustainable Agricultural Management of Land Using Technology for Soil and Water Conservation within the Central Rift Valley, Central Ethiopia

Table 3

The traditional soil and water conservation measures used in the study area.

Broad categories	Specific categories of soil and water conservation	Frequency	Percentage
Physical measures	Traditional stone bunds	206	62.14
	Traditional check dam	163	49.1
	Furrows	190	57.2
	Traditional waterways	201	60.54
	Traditional terracing	253	76.22
	Traditional waterway, terracing, stone bund	129	38.9
	Stone bunds, furrows, and terracing	142	42.8
Vegetative measures	Grass strips	151	45.48
	Plating trees	265	79.8
	Area closure	136	41
	Agroforestry	170	51.2
	Planting trees, area closure, and agroforestry	63	19.0
Agronomic measures	Mixed cropping	223	67.2
	Animal manure	282	84.9
	Animal parking	233	70.2
	Mixed cropping and animal manure	212	63.8
Soil fertility management measures	Fallowing	72	21.7
	Crop rotation	244	73.5
	Crop residue	172	51.8
	Weed heap	215	64.8
	Crop rotation and crop residue	147	44.3