Bile Acids: A Bridge Linking Gut Microbiota and NAFLD

Figure 2

The mechanism of altered BA pool promoting progression of NAFLD through immune regulation. The imbalanced BA pool caused by dysbiosis in NAFLD patients disturbed the immune balance and contributed to the progression of NAFLD. BA: bile acid; TCA: taurocholic acid; CA: cholic acid; GDCA: glycodeoxycholic acid; DCA: deoxycholic acid; CDCA: chenodeoxycholic acid; FXR: farnesoid-X receptors; TGR5: Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5; KC: Kupffer cell; MAIT: mucosal-associated invariant T cell; Th17: T helper 17 cell; ILC: innate lymphoid cell; NKT: nature killer T cell; IFN: interferon; IL: interleukin; MIP: macrophage inflammatory protein.