Synergistic Effect of Combined Antibiotic and Methanolic Extracts of Withania somnifera and Catharanthus roseus against MDR Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi
Table 1
Synergistic effect of W. somnifera in combination with antibiotics and nonantibiotics on MDR strains of S. Typhi (GII method).
Strains
Synergistic effect with antibiotics
Synergistic effect with nonantibiotics
GIIs (TR)
Activity (TR)
GIIs (C)
Activity (C)
GIIs (CAZ)
Activity (CAZ)
GIIs (P)
Activity (P)
GIIs (IBU)
Activity (IBU)
ST
0.7
Synergistic
0.7
Synergistic
0.6
Synergistic
0.4
Antagonistic
0.4
Antagonistic
NS-3
0.6
Synergistic
0.7
Synergistic
0.6
Synergistic
0.4
Antagonistic
0.6
Synergistic
NS-4
0.6
Synergistic
0.4
Antagonistic
0.6
Synergistic
0.6
Synergistic
0.4
Antagonistic
NS-5
0.5
Additive
0.5
Additive
0.6
Synergistic
0.5
Additive
0.6
Synergistic
NS-6
0.6
Synergistic
0.7
Synergistic
0.7
Synergistic
0.5
Additive
0.4
Antagonistic
NS-7
0.9
Synergistic
0.6
Synergistic
0.7
Synergistic
0.5
Additive
0.5
Additive
NS-9
0.8
Synergistic
0.4
Antagonistic
0.7
Synergistic
0.3
Antagonistic
0.6
Synergistic
NS-10
0.8
Synergistic
0.5
Additive
0.6
Synergistic
0.4
Antagonistic
0.3
Antagonistic
NS-11
0.6
Synergistic
0.4
Antagonistic
0.6
Synergistic
0.4
Antagonistic
0.3
Antagonistic
NS-12
0.6
Synergistic
0.5
Additive
0.6
Synergistic
0.4
Antagonistic
0.0
Antagonistic
NS-13
0.6
Synergistic
0.4
Antagonistic
0.6
Synergistic
0.4
Antagonistic
0.6
Synergistic
NS-14
0.0
Antagonistic
0.4
Antagonistic
0.6
Synergistic
0.5
Additive
0.6
Synergistic
NS-15
0.8
Synergistic
0.5
Additive
0.7
Synergistic
0.6
Synergistic
0.6
Synergistic
NS-16
0.8
Synergistic
0.7
Synergistic
0.6
Synergistic
0.4
Antagonistic
0.3
Antagonistic
NS-17
0.7
Synergistic
0.5
Additive
0.6
Synergistic
0.4
Antagonistic
0.3
Antagonistic
NS-23
0.7
Synergistic
0.4
Antagonistic
0.6
Synergistic
0.3
Antagonistic
0.4
Antagonistic
NS-34
0.9
Synergistic
0.6
Synergistic
0.7
Synergistic
0.4
Antagonistic
0.4
Antagonistic
NS-40
0.6
Synergistic
0.4
Antagonistic
0.6
Synergistic
0.3
Antagonistic
0.4
Antagonistic
ME = methanolic extracts; TR = trimethoprim; C = chloramphenicol; CAZ = ceftazidime; P = paracetamol; IBU = ibuprofen; GIIs = growth inhibitory indices.
