Advanced Gut & Microbiome Research

Research Article

Synergistic Effect of Combined Antibiotic and Methanolic Extracts of Withania somnifera and Catharanthus roseus against MDR Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi

Table 3

Synergistic effect of W. somnifera in combination with antibiotics and nonantibiotics on MDR strains of S. Typhi (FICI method).


S. no.	Strains	Synergistic effect with antibiotics						Synergistic effect with nonantibiotics
S. no.	Strains	FICI (C)	Activity (C)	FICI (CAZ)	Activity (CAZ)	FICI (TR)	Activity (TR)	FICI (P)	Activity (P)	FICI (IBU)	Activity (IBU)

1	ST	1	Indifferent	0.4	Synergistic	1.2	Indifferent	1.2	Indifferent	1.5	Indifferent
2	NS-3	1.25	Indifferent	0.5	Synergistic	1.2	Indifferent	1.5	Indifferent	1.2	Indifferent
3	NS-4	1	Indifferent	1	Indifferent	0.5	Synergistic	0.5	Synergistic	1.2	Indifferent
4	NS-5	1.5	Indifferent	1.2	Indifferent	1.5	Indifferent	1.2	Indifferent	1.5	Indifferent
5	NS-6	1.5	Indifferent	0.6	Synergistic	1.2	Indifferent	1.1	Indifferent	1.2	Indifferent
6	NS-7	0.7	Additive	0.4	Synergistic	0.5	Synergistic	1.2	Indifferent	1.5	Indifferent
7	NS-9	0.5	Synergistic	0.5	Synergistic	1.1	Indifferent	0.7	Additive	1.2	Indifferent
8	NS-10	0.3	Synergistic	0.7	Additive	0.7	Additive	1.1	Indifferent	1.2	Indifferent
9	NS-11	0.4	Synergistic	1.5	Indifferent	0.7	Additive	1.2	Indifferent	1.2	Indifferent
10	NS-12	1.5	Indifferent	1.5	Indifferent	0.5	Synergistic	1.2	Indifferent	0.6	Additive
11	NS-13	1	Additive	1	Indifferent	0.5	Synergistic	1.5	Indifferent	1.5	Indifferent
12	NS-14	1.5	Indifferent	0.4	Synergistic	1.5	Indifferent	1.5	Indifferent	1.5	Indifferent
13	NS-15	0.7	Additive	0.4	Synergistic	1.0	Indifferent	1.5	Indifferent	1.5	Indifferent
14	NS-16	0.5	Synergistic	1	Indifferent	0.3	Synergistic	1.2	Indifferent	1.2	Indifferent
15	NS-17	0.7	Synergistic	0.7	Additive	1.1	Indifferent	1.2	Indifferent	1.2	Indifferent
16	NS-23	0.4	Synergistic	0.4	Synergistic	1.2	Indifferent	1.1	Indifferent	0.5	Synergistic
17	NS-34	0.7	Additive	0.6	Additive	1.1	Indifferent	0.5	Synergistic	1.1	Indifferent
18	NS-40	1.5	Indifferent	1	Indifferent	2.1	Antagonistic	1.1	Indifferent	0.7	Additive

ME = methanolic extracts; TR = trimethoprim; C = chloramphenicol; CAZ = ceftazidime; P = paracetamol; IBU = ibuprofen; FICI = fractional inhibitory concentration index.