Synergistic Effect of Combined Antibiotic and Methanolic Extracts of Withania somnifera and Catharanthus roseus against MDR Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi
Table 4
Synergistic effect of C. roseus in combination with antibiotics and nonantibiotics on MDR strains of S. Typhi (FICI method).
S. no.
Synergistic effect with antibiotics
Synergistic effect with nonantibiotics
Strains
FICI (C)
Activity (C)
FICI (CAZ)
Activity (CAZ)
FICI (TR)
Activity (TR)
FICI (P)
Activity (P)
FICI (IBU)
Activity (IBU)
1
ST
0.5
Synergistic
0.4
Synergistic
0.7
Additive
0.7
Additive
1
Indifferent
2
NS-3
0.4
Synergistic
0.7
Additive
0.5
Synergistic
1.5
Indifferent
1.5
Indifferent
3
NS-4
1
Indifferent
0.4
Synergistic
0.7
Additive
1.5
Indifferent
1
Indifferent
4
NS-5
1.2
Indifferent
1
Indifferent
1.5
Indifferent
1.5
Indifferent
1.5
Indifferent
5
NS-6
1.2
Indifferent
0.7
Additive
1.5
Indifferent
1.5
Indifferent
1.5
Indifferent
6
NS-7
0.7
Additive
0.3
Synergistic
1
Indifferent
0.5
Synergistic
1
Indifferent
7
NS-9
1.2
Indifferent
1
Indifferent
1.1
Indifferent
1.1
Indifferent
1.2
Indifferent
8
NS-10
1
Indifferent
0.4
Synergistic
0.5
Synergistic
1
Indifferent
0.7
Additive
9
NS-11
1.2
Indifferent
0.7
Additive
1.2
Indifferent
1.2
Indifferent
1.5
Indifferent
10
NS-12
0.4
Synergistic
1
Indifferent
0.4
Synergistic
1.5
Indifferent
0.6
Additive
11
NS-13
0.5
Synergistic
1.5
Indifferent
1.1
Indifferent
0.4
Synergistic
0.7
Additive
12
NS-14
1
Indifferent
1
Indifferent
2.1
Antagonistic
1.1
Indifferent
1.1
Indifferent
13
NS-15
1
Indifferent
0.5
Synergistic
2.5
Antagonistic
0.7
Additive
1
Indifferent
14
NS-16
0.6
Additive
0.7
Additive
0.5
Synergistic
0.5
Synergistic
0.5
Synergistic
15
NS-17
1
Indifferent
1
Indifferent
0.6
Additive
0.6
Additive
0.6
Additive
16
NS-23
0.7
Additive
1
Indifferent
1.2
Indifferent
1.1
Indifferent
0.3
Synergistic
17
NS-34
0.4
Synergistic
0.7
Additive
1
Indifferent
0.6
Additive
0.6
Additive
18
NS-40
1
Indifferent
0.5
Synergistic
1.2
Indifferent
1
Indifferent
1.1
Indifferent
ME = methanolic extracts; TR = trimethoprim; C = chloramphenicol; CAZ = ceftazidime; P = paracetamol; IBU = ibuprofen; FICI = fractional inhibitory concentration index.
