The Role of Methylation in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Its Prognostic and Therapeutic Impacts in the Disease: A Systematic Review
Table 14
Rho GTPases/Rhodopsin-like receptors.
Gene names
Related pathway
Findings in CLL
Ref.
ET-1
GPCR signaling, class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors), NF-kB
ET-1 is involved in survival, drug resistance, and growth signaling of leukemic cells; basal expression levels of ET-1 are affected when high methylation levels in a region of ET-1 first intron are detected
Involved in cell migration, GPCR signaling, class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)
In a study where cells from CLL, Richter’s transformed CLL and normal B cells were analyzed, and S1PR4 displayed significantly higher promoter methylation levels in Richter’s syndrome compared to the other groups
Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors), GPCR signaling
Remarkable hypermethylation at the promoter region and first exon of the gene was detected; abnormal methylation was able to distinguish with high sensitivity and specificity malignant from normal cells; GHSR hypermethylation was reported to be identified even in early disease stages