| Gene names | Related pathway | Findings in CLL | Ref. |
| GAB2 | Insulin receptor signaling and FLT3 signaling | Genome-wide methylation profiling identified the GAB2 gene body to be differentially methylated | [130] | OSBPL1A | Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts metabolism | OSBPL1A expression was reduced in patients with hypermethylated promoter regions and hypomethylated body regions | [37, 172] | IL1B | MIF-mediated glucocorticoid regulation | Methylation levels in specific CpG sites independently predicted time to treatment with some of them being located in the gene body | [29] | UBC | Regulation of activated PAK-2, MyD88-dependent cascade | Genome-wide methylation profiling identified UBC gene body to be differentially methylated | [130] | IGSF4/TSLC1 | Involved in cell adhesion and metastatic potential, MAGuK tumor suppressor pathway and regulation of CDH11 | The frequency of gene promoter hypermethylation reached 62.2% of the samples studied methylated status of IGSF4 promoter has been reported in IGVH-unmutated cells | [51, 173–175] | GPX3 | Glutathione conjugation cellular responses to stimuli | Methylated gene body status was documented in IGVH-unmutated cases | [26, 176] | FHL2 | PPARA activates gene expression repressive role in beta-chain gene expression | Methylated FHL2 gene body was reported in IGVH-unmutated cases | [26, 177, 178] |
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CLL: chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Ref.: reference, GAB2: growth factor receptor-bounding protein 2-associated binder 2, OSBPL1A: oxysterol-binding protein like 1A, IL1B: interleukin1B, UBC: induction of ubiquitin C, IGSF4/TSLC1: immunoglobulin superfamily member 4/tumor suppressor in lung cancer, GPX3: plasma glutathione peroxidase, FHL2: 4-and-a-half LIM domain protein 2, FLT3: FMS‐like tyrosine kinase 3, MIF: macrophage migration inhibitory factor, PAK-2: p21 activated kinase 2, MyD88: myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88, MAGuK: membrane-associated guanylate kinase, CDH11: cadherin 11, PPARA: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, IGVH: immunoglobulin variable heavy chain gene.
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