The Role of Methylation in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Its Prognostic and Therapeutic Impacts in the Disease: A Systematic Review

Table 21

Various other genes were investigated in CLL (cont.).

Gene names	Related pathway	Findings in CLL	Ref.
GAB2	Insulin receptor signaling and FLT3 signaling	Genome-wide methylation profiling identified the GAB2 gene body to be differentially methylated	[130]
OSBPL1A	Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts metabolism	OSBPL1A expression was reduced in patients with hypermethylated promoter regions and hypomethylated body regions	[37, 172]
IL1B	MIF-mediated glucocorticoid regulation	Methylation levels in specific CpG sites independently predicted time to treatment with some of them being located in the gene body	[29]
UBC	Regulation of activated PAK-2, MyD88-dependent cascade	Genome-wide methylation profiling identified UBC gene body to be differentially methylated	[130]
IGSF4/TSLC1	Involved in cell adhesion and metastatic potential, MAGuK tumor suppressor pathway and regulation of CDH11	The frequency of gene promoter hypermethylation reached 62.2% of the samples studied methylated status of IGSF4 promoter has been reported in IGVH-unmutated cells	[51, 173–175]
GPX3	Glutathione conjugation cellular responses to stimuli	Methylated gene body status was documented in IGVH-unmutated cases	[26, 176]
FHL2	PPARA activates gene expression repressive role in beta-chain gene expression	Methylated FHL2 gene body was reported in IGVH-unmutated cases	[26, 177, 178]

CLL: chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Ref.: reference, GAB2: growth factor receptor-bounding protein 2-associated binder 2, OSBPL1A: oxysterol-binding protein like 1A, IL1B: interleukin1B, UBC: induction of ubiquitin C, IGSF4/TSLC1: immunoglobulin superfamily member 4/tumor suppressor in lung cancer, GPX3: plasma glutathione peroxidase, FHL2: 4-and-a-half LIM domain protein 2, FLT3: FMS‐like tyrosine kinase 3, MIF: macrophage migration inhibitory factor, PAK-2: p21 activated kinase 2, MyD88: myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88, MAGuK: membrane-associated guanylate kinase, CDH11: cadherin 11, PPARA: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, IGVH: immunoglobulin variable heavy chain gene.