Review Article
The Role of Methylation in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Its Prognostic and Therapeutic Impacts in the Disease: A Systematic Review
| Gene name | Related pathway | Findings in CLL | Ref. |
| CARD15 | Activation of the NF-kB pathway, MyD88-dependent cascade, MAPK activation | Gene body methylation was reported in IGVH-mutated samples | [26, 108] | LOC340061 | Activation of the NF-kB pathway, cytosolic sensors of pathogen-associated DNA | Methylated gene body status was reported in IGVH-mutated cases | [26, 109] | UNC5CL | Inhibition of NF-kB-dependent transcription and Netrin signaling | Methylated gene body status was identified in some IGVH-mutated patients | [26, 110] | LDOC1 | Regulation of the NF-kB pathway and TNF-α-mediated pathway to apoptosis | Unmethylated gene body status was found in IGVH-unmutated cases | [26, 111, 112] | URP2 | Inhibition of NF-kB pathway, cell apoptosis response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+leukocyte-intrinsic Hippo pathway | Methylated URP2 gene body correlated with IGVH-mutated cases | [26, 113] |
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CLL: chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Ref.: reference, NF-kB: nuclear factor kappa-beta, CARD15: caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 15, LOC340061: early growth response 3, UNC5CL: unc-5 family C-terminal like, LDOC1: leucine zipper downregulated in cancer 1, URP2: urotensin II-related peptide, MyD88: myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88, MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase, TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor alpha, IGVH: immunoglobulin variable heavy chain gene.
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