The Role of Methylation in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Its Prognostic and Therapeutic Impacts in the Disease: A Systematic Review

Table 9

NF-kB pathway.

Gene name	Related pathway	Findings in CLL	Ref.
CARD15	Activation of the NF-kB pathway, MyD88-dependent cascade, MAPK activation	Gene body methylation was reported in IGVH-mutated samples	[26, 108]
LOC340061	Activation of the NF-kB pathway, cytosolic sensors of pathogen-associated DNA	Methylated gene body status was reported in IGVH-mutated cases	[26, 109]
UNC5CL	Inhibition of NF-kB-dependent transcription and Netrin signaling	Methylated gene body status was identified in some IGVH-mutated patients	[26, 110]
LDOC1	Regulation of the NF-kB pathway and TNF-α-mediated pathway to apoptosis	Unmethylated gene body status was found in IGVH-unmutated cases	[26, 111, 112]
URP2	Inhibition of NF-kB pathway, cell apoptosis response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca^2+leukocyte-intrinsic Hippo pathway	Methylated URP2 gene body correlated with IGVH-mutated cases	[26, 113]

CLL: chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Ref.: reference, NF-kB: nuclear factor kappa-beta, CARD15: caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 15, LOC340061: early growth response 3, UNC5CL: unc-5 family C-terminal like, LDOC1: leucine zipper downregulated in cancer 1, URP2: urotensin II-related peptide, MyD88: myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88, MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase, TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor alpha, IGVH: immunoglobulin variable heavy chain gene.