Blind Sailors’ Spatial Representation Using an On-Board Force Feedback Arm: Two Case Studies

Figure 4

Illustration of exploration movement patterns of participant 2 in the egocentric condition. On this representation, the 𝑧-axis (altitude) corresponds to the time. The wide line represents the successive positions of the ship and the thin line the successive displacement of the haptic cursor used as a long maritime cane. This representation shows that participant 2 performed movements with much more amplitude at the beginning of the voyage. One could suggest that he was looking for all the waypoints before focusing on reaching each of them.