Climate Change Affects Choice and Management of Training Systems in the Grapevine

Figure 3

(a) Structure of a SHW-trained Cabernet sauvignon row showing a beautifully erect canopy pattern. In the inset, it can be better appreciated how all canes are framed within the upper 180° of the canopies. (b) A pruner machine with cutter bars performing an easy mechanical pruning which, due to the ideal canes position, does not require any hand follow-up. Final view after the machine work is shown in panel (c). (d, e) Two SHW trained rows showing a definitely downward growing canopy (Trebbiano Romagnolo in (d)) or intermediate canopy (Chardonnay in (e)). In both cases, manual follow-up (f) becomes mandatory to lower total nodes per vine and remove canes inserted in ventral cordon positions.