Review Article
UEP Concepts in Modulation and Coding
Figure 1
Hierarchical quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM): (a) 4/16/64-QAM and (b) 2/4/8-QAM.
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(a) A 4-QAM () is embedded in a 16-QAM () which is embedded in a 64-QAM () |
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(b) A BPSK () is embedded in a 4-QAM () which is embedded in a nonsquare 8-QAM () |
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