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| Antenna system type | Antenna system features | Test method | Whether to support conduction test | Test challenge |
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| RRU + Antenna | (1) The antenna and the RRU are separated from each other, and the antenna is independent of the RRU and the antenna
(2) RF performance requirements are determined at the base station antenna port
Definition, conducted RF testing through standard interfaces:
3. The effect of the antenna on RF performance is not considered
4. Antenna, as a network supporting equipment, mainly examines the pattern and circuit performance. | Independent testing of RRU and antenna | Yes | Mature base station type, mature test technology, no challenges. |
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| Integrated active antenna | (1) The antenna is integrated with the RRU, and the nonstandard interface is connected. The antenna design needs to be synchronized with the RF module design:
(2) There are few antenna ports, RF performance requirements can be defined in the antenna port, and the test is more complicated;
(3) Conduction test of main indicators, adding some OTA tests | Integrated testing and split testing | Yes, the interface is not standard | (1) The conduction test interface is nonstandard, and the RRU RF index cannot reflect the integrated active antenna
(2) Some parts require OTA testing, and the testing standards need to be further clarified. |
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| Massive MI MO antenna | (1) The antenna and the base station are deeply integrated, and there are challenges in the independent testing of traditional components;
(2) Large-scale antennas and RF channels;
(3) 3GPP proposes RF indicator OTA test standard | Whole machine testing becomes mainstream | Depends on machine design | The mainstream design of the whole machine will be difficult to disassemble, there is no external RF interface, and it needs to rely on a large number of OTA tests and test standards. Is under discussion. |
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